Updated at 23 Jun 2026
Electromagnetic fields (EMF), UV, laser and light encompass non-ionising radiation with applications from natural sources like the sun to artificial sources such as lasers and LEDs. They include optical radiation and electromagnetic fields used in communication, medical imaging, and consumer products, with associated health considerations.
Electromagnetic fields (EMF), ultraviolet (UV) radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation are collectively referred to as non-ionising radiation (NIR). NIR is subdivided into high-energy optical radiation—which includes UV, visible light, and infrared radiation—and low-energy electromagnetic fields. Optical radiation primarily originates from natural and artificial sources such as the sun, lamps, lasers, and solariums. The electromagnetic fields outside the optical spectrum are predominantly technologically generated and categorized by frequency: high-frequency EMF found mainly in radio transmission technologies; low-frequency EMF present in all electrical appliances connected to power grids; and static EMF which do not oscillate, occurring in permanent magnets and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. Many everyday devices, including electric motors, mobile phones, and induction stoves, intentionally produce EMF for operational purposes, whereas other emissions, like those from lamps, result from design aspects without contributing functionally. The sun is the major natural source of UV radiation, which though invisible and imperceptible, affects human health by facilitating vitamin D synthesis but can damage skin and eyes at high intensities. Conventional LED lighting, screens, and projectors are considered safe when used appropriately, even by sensitive groups. The increasing prevalence of lasers—used in pointers, entertainment, and recreational activities such as laser tag—poses potential eye and skin hazards if misused; regulatory measures and protective guidelines are in place under Swiss law. Additionally, certain cosmetic treatments utilizing laser and light radiation can involve tissue risks, subject to federal regulation since 2019. The Federal Office of Public Health monitors public exposure to NIR and supports research into possible biological and health effects, ensuring public health policies effectively address these radiation forms.
